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Dr. Kiran Kumar

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Skin Cancer — Recognising Melanoma & Other Types Early

What Is Skin Cancer?

Skin cancer is a disease where skin cells grow abnormally. It often starts in areas exposed to the sun. However, it can also appear on skin not usually exposed. Early skin cancer recognition is important for better treatment results. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), skin cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide.

Types of Skin Cancer

There are several types of skin cancer. But three main types are most common. Each type has different warning signs and risks.

Melanoma

Melanoma is the most serious type. It starts in the cells that give skin its color. Early signs of melanoma include new or changing moles. Melanoma can spread quickly, so early detection is key.

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type. It grows slowly and rarely spreads. Usually, it appears as a small, shiny bump or a pink growth.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma often looks like a red, scaly patch or a sore that does not heal. It can grow deeper into the skin if not treated.

Early Signs and Symptoms

Recognizing early signs of melanoma and other skin cancers can save lives. Look for these symptoms:

  • New growths or sores that do not heal
  • Changes in size, shape, or color of a mole
  • A mole with uneven edges or more than one color
  • Itching, bleeding, or crusting on a spot
  • Pain or tenderness in a skin area

    • For example, the “ABCDE” rule helps spot melanoma warning signs:

  • Asymmetry: One half looks different from the other
  • Border: Edges are uneven or blurred
  • Color: More than one color or shade
  • Diameter: Larger than a pencil eraser (6mm)
  • Evolving: Changes in size, shape, or color

    • Risk Factors and Causes

    Some people have a higher risk of skin cancer. Knowing these risk factors can help with skin cancer prevention.

  • Fair skin, light hair, or light eyes
  • History of sunburns or frequent sun exposure
  • Use of tanning beds
  • Family or personal history of skin cancer
  • Weakened immune system
  • Many moles or unusual moles

    • For instance, people who work outdoors or live in sunny areas face higher risks.

    How to Perform Self-Examination

    Regular self-exams help with early skin cancer recognition. Follow these steps once a month:

  • Stand in front of a mirror in a well-lit room
  • Check your face, neck, ears, and scalp
  • Look at your arms, hands, and underarms
  • Examine your chest, belly, and back
  • Check your legs, feet, and between your toes
  • Use a hand mirror for hard-to-see areas

    • If you notice any changes, take a photo to track them. However, always see a doctor if you are unsure.

    When to See a Doctor

    It is important to see a doctor if you notice:

  • A new spot or mole that looks different
  • A sore that does not heal after a few weeks
  • Any mole or spot that changes quickly
  • Itching, bleeding, or pain in a skin area

    • Early treatment can prevent skin cancer from spreading. Therefore, do not wait if you see warning signs.

    Prevention Tips

    While not all skin cancers can be prevented, you can lower your risk. Try these tips:

  • Stay in the shade during midday hours
  • Wear hats, sunglasses, and protective clothing
  • Use sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher
  • Reapply sunscreen every two hours
  • Avoid tanning beds
  • Check your skin regularly for changes

    • In addition, teach children about sun safety early.

    If you have concerns about your skin, consult Dr. Kiran Kumar for personalized advice. Early action can make a big difference.